WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:01.840 The NHS-Galleri trial 2 00:00:01.840 --> 00:00:05.440 is a study to see if a simple blood test 3 00:00:05.440 --> 00:00:07.600 can help us to find more cancers 4 00:00:07.600 --> 00:00:09.360 earlier than we currently find them. 5 00:00:10.600 --> 00:00:12.480 We know that finding cancer early 6 00:00:12.480 --> 00:00:13.760 means that we can then offer 7 00:00:13.760 --> 00:00:16.600 more curative treatment options to patients. 8 00:00:16.600 --> 00:00:18.040 Current NHS screening programmes 9 00:00:18.040 --> 00:00:20.360 only pick up about 6% of all cancers, 10 00:00:20.360 --> 00:00:22.560 and that's because there are only screening programmes 11 00:00:22.560 --> 00:00:24.400 for cervical, breast, 12 00:00:24.400 --> 00:00:27.400 colorectal and lung cancer more recently. 13 00:00:27.520 --> 00:00:29.000 So the test that we used in the trial 14 00:00:29.000 --> 00:00:30.520 is called the Galleri test. 15 00:00:30.680 --> 00:00:33.680 It's a multi-cancer early detection test. 16 00:00:34.160 --> 00:00:36.800 This is one of the largest screening trials in history, 17 00:00:36.800 --> 00:00:38.920 it's a trial of enormous magnitude 18 00:00:38.920 --> 00:00:40.800 and scientific importance, 19 00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:42.960 testing whether this 20 00:00:42.960 --> 00:00:45.240 multi-cancer early detection test works 21 00:00:45.240 --> 00:00:47.920 in a real world clinical setting. 22 00:00:47.920 --> 00:00:50.800 There were 142,000 participants 23 00:00:50.920 --> 00:00:53.360 between the age of 50 and 77, 24 00:00:53.360 --> 00:00:55.920 representing, roughly speaking, 25 00:00:55.920 --> 00:00:57.400 the population of England, 26 00:00:57.400 --> 00:00:59.480 and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. 27 00:00:59.880 --> 00:01:01.560 They were asked to provide 28 00:01:01.560 --> 00:01:03.840 three blood samples over two years. 29 00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:05.840 So, we used mobile clinics. 30 00:01:07.080 --> 00:01:10.000 The clinics were set up in 150 different places. 31 00:01:10.400 --> 00:01:11.440 So, we very much wanted 32 00:01:11.440 --> 00:01:13.120 to take screening to people 33 00:01:13.120 --> 00:01:14.640 and out into the community. 34 00:01:15.280 --> 00:01:18.040 This trial is a randomised controlled trial 35 00:01:18.040 --> 00:01:20.360 which means that we have two groups of people, 36 00:01:20.360 --> 00:01:22.400 one of which has the screening test 37 00:01:22.400 --> 00:01:23.480 and the other doesn't, 38 00:01:23.480 --> 00:01:26.480 and then we compare the results of those two groups. 39 00:01:26.760 --> 00:01:28.640 So, half of them, 70,000 people, 40 00:01:28.640 --> 00:01:30.000 we tested those samples 41 00:01:30.000 --> 00:01:32.120 as soon as anyone had a positive test 42 00:01:32.120 --> 00:01:33.840 they were referred to the NHS. 43 00:01:33.840 --> 00:01:36.120 And then the NHS investigated that 44 00:01:36.120 --> 00:01:39.400 and treated it if there was cancer that needed treating. 45 00:01:39.400 --> 00:01:42.120 And in the other arm we just stored the blood samples 46 00:01:42.120 --> 00:01:44.280 so that we can look at them in the future. 47 00:01:45.520 --> 00:01:46.680 So when we set up a trial, 48 00:01:46.680 --> 00:01:47.840 we set ourselves a goal. 49 00:01:47.840 --> 00:01:50.840 And the goal here was to reduce the number of people 50 00:01:50.840 --> 00:01:53.360 who got stage three and stage four cancer 51 00:01:53.360 --> 00:01:55.920 over the three and a half year period. 52 00:01:56.200 --> 00:01:57.880 We didn't meet that goal, 53 00:01:57.880 --> 00:01:59.640 but we saw a lot of other things 54 00:01:59.640 --> 00:02:01.360 which are really positive. 55 00:02:01.360 --> 00:02:04.440 We saw a substantial reduction in stage four diagnosis. 56 00:02:04.440 --> 00:02:07.440 And that was a 20% reduction after the first year. 57 00:02:08.080 --> 00:02:11.320 The chances of survival with stage three cancers 58 00:02:11.320 --> 00:02:13.520 are significantly higher than the chances 59 00:02:13.520 --> 00:02:15.880 of long term survival with a stage four cancer. 60 00:02:16.760 --> 00:02:21.480 We found a 16% increase in the number of cancers 61 00:02:21.480 --> 00:02:23.640 diagnosed at stages one and two. 62 00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:27.040 And this includes cancer types like ovarian cancer, 63 00:02:27.040 --> 00:02:29.680 pancreatic cancer and liver cancer, 64 00:02:29.680 --> 00:02:33.160 where we often find them only at the most advanced stage. 65 00:02:35.200 --> 00:02:38.080 We detected four times more cancers 66 00:02:38.080 --> 00:02:40.800 with the multi-cancer early detection test 67 00:02:40.800 --> 00:02:43.880 compared to the NHS screening alone. 68 00:02:43.880 --> 00:02:46.360 Another exciting finding was that were 69 00:02:46.360 --> 00:02:49.960 a quarter fewer people who had their cancer diagnosed 70 00:02:49.960 --> 00:02:52.840 after presenting in accident and emergency 71 00:02:52.840 --> 00:02:54.000 with something major. 72 00:02:54.440 --> 00:02:57.560 And it's not good news if that's the way your cancer’s diagnosed. 73 00:02:57.560 --> 00:03:01.440 And so the fact that we reduced that by so much, 74 00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:03.040 is very promising. 75 00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:06.600 Reducing emergency presentations is a key goal 76 00:03:06.600 --> 00:03:08.880 in cancer early detection. 77 00:03:09.240 --> 00:03:11.080 This test is accurate 78 00:03:11.080 --> 00:03:14.400 and very, very few people who don't have cancer 79 00:03:14.400 --> 00:03:16.520 have a positive test result. 80 00:03:17.040 --> 00:03:19.920 And in the future, we'll be reporting further results on, 81 00:03:19.920 --> 00:03:21.960 longer term follow up from our data. 82 00:03:21.960 --> 00:03:24.920 And we're reporting the cost effectiveness 83 00:03:24.920 --> 00:03:26.640 of the intervention, of the test. 84 00:03:26.640 --> 00:03:29.520 And we'll be reporting on the psychological impacts 85 00:03:29.520 --> 00:03:31.520 of having the test and receiving 86 00:03:31.520 --> 00:03:33.120 a cancer diagnosis through screening. 87 00:03:34.040 --> 00:03:36.840 In a few years time, the researchers will also look at 88 00:03:36.840 --> 00:03:40.200 whether using the test could help reduce cancer deaths. 89 00:03:41.400 --> 00:03:43.600 I'm really excited by the results here. 90 00:03:43.600 --> 00:03:47.480 We really have shown that there’s an opportunity 91 00:03:47.480 --> 00:03:50.320 to make a really substantial difference 92 00:03:50.320 --> 00:03:52.280 in finding cancers earlier 93 00:03:52.280 --> 00:03:55.280 when we can offer treatment options to patients. 94 00:03:55.280 --> 00:03:57.520 I think the UK and the NHS can be 95 00:03:57.520 --> 00:03:59.760 phenomenally proud of what they've achieved. 96 00:04:00.600 --> 00:04:02.720 It recruited in record time. 97 00:04:02.720 --> 00:04:04.960 I think the quality of the data is outstanding, 98 00:04:04.960 --> 00:04:09.520 and gave us outcome data in a real world clinical setting. 99 00:04:09.520 --> 00:04:11.080 It's a phenomenal achievement. 100 00:04:11.600 --> 00:04:14.000 Trials like this used to take 15 years. 101 00:04:14.000 --> 00:04:15.840 We've done it in 4 years. 102 00:04:15.840 --> 00:04:17.800 And the results demonstrate 103 00:04:17.800 --> 00:04:20.680 that there is a clear future for this kind of test. 104 00:04:21.480 --> 00:04:24.800 So I'm really grateful to the 142,000 participants 105 00:04:24.800 --> 00:04:26.520 for their time and effort 106 00:04:26.520 --> 00:04:28.160 in attending the clinics three times. 107 00:04:28.520 --> 00:04:30.560 Without them volunteering 108 00:04:30.560 --> 00:04:31.920 we wouldn't learn 109 00:04:31.920 --> 00:04:34.920 how to make a better screening programme in the future. 110 00:04:34.920 --> 00:04:38.760 So, if anyone's listening, thank you very much.